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refractory gold ore is gold-containing ore that is resistant to recovery by direct cyanidation and carbon adsorption processes. More specifically, it is an ore that has a gold recovery rate of …
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1. Introduction. The efficiency of gold extraction from sulphidic refractory ores (e.g., arsenopyrite (FeAsS) and pyrite (FeS 2)) by direct cyanidation is usually very low (Badri and Zamankhan, 2013, Faraz et al., 2014), since fine gold particles in these ores are mostly locked up in the bulk and therefore inaccessible to leaching agents and dissolved oxygen (Badri and …
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The physical and chemical properties of gold promote its application, such as in the high-tech, electronic products, and aerospace industries. The easily leachable ore is gradually depleted. Thus, it becomes necessary to extract gold from other resources such as refractory ore and electrical and electronic equipment. The normal method of leaching for gold is cyanide …
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The transition to low-carbon economies, advancements in high-tech and rapid uptake of electronic equipment will see increased demand over the coming decades for so-called "critical" metals: metals considered important to society and that are vulnerable to supply disruption. ... Process mineralogy of refractory gold ore in thiosulfate ...
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The BIOX ® process for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates has been in commercial operation for 35 years following the commissioning of the first commercial installation at the Fairview Gold Mine in 1986. The process has been proven to operate successfully over a wide range of concentrate feed grades and mineralogies, climatic conditions, and site altitudes.
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Today, Outotec can offer processes and equipment that cover the full gold value stream from ore to dore. This includes all three main oxidative processes for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates – BIOX, pressure oxidation, and roasting – as well as the equipment for ultra-fine grinding as a fourth, non-oxidative treatment option.
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Refractory Ore Types. To be effective, cyanide solution must contact and dissolve the majority of the gold particles in the ore. In one type of refractory ore, the leach solution never comes into contact with a portion of the gold because it is present as fine particles encapsulated within impermeable ore particles.
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necessary to extract gold from refractory ore and secondary sources [4-6]. Refractory ore is gold ore whose leaching rate is less than 80% by conventional cyanide leaching after fine grinding. It usually has complex impurity metal species. The gold is wrapped with ore and cannot be exposed to a leaching solution by conventional grinding.
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Technology Processing refractory ores gets easier with new equipment Collaboration between Kingston Process Metallurgy (KPM) and Barrick Gold has resulted in the development of a two-inch continuous fluid bed roaster that should allow inexpensive testing of small ore samples, like those from drill core from prospective projects.
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Gold, a significant precious metal, has high corrosion resistance, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity [].In the field of gold extraction and smelting, refractory gold ore is one of the most important gold resources at present [].Approximately 30% of the world's gold production is derived from refractory gold ore, and this proportion is expected to increase even …
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Direct determination of invisible gold in refractory sulphide ore. In Gold Metallurgy, edited by R. S. Salter et al. New York: Pergamon Press, 235–44. Google Scholar Dorr, J. V. N. and F. L. Bosqui. 1950. Cyanidation and Concentration of Gold and Silver Ores. New York: McGraw-Hill, 238–52.
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Hypochlorite leaching system is a strong oxidizing solution for metal sulfides, which are naturally associated with gold extraction. This study evaluated the hypochlorite leaching of refractory gold ore by using the response surface method–central composite design (RSM-CCD) as a statistical approach in determining the optimum condition of gold extraction from …
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The technological mineralogy of a gold deposit located in North-Western province of Zambia was carried out by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that gold was highly dispersed in gold-bearing minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, and some gangues in …
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The use of thiosulfate to extract gold from refractory ores is promising because of its non-toxicity and high selectivity. Sulfide minerals (i.e., pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite), major gold carriers in refractory gold ores, however, hinder gold extraction due to the high consumption of a lixiviant. In this study, a new method to improve gold extraction from sulfide bearing gold …
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Refractory ore from Queretaro State, México, was used in this study. The majority elemental composition of the refractory ore (RO) was evaluated by X-ray fluorescence in S8 TIGER (Bruker) equipment and is presented in Table 1.The gold and silver content in the RO was determined by chemical wet analysis, performing an acidic digestion in a Titan MPS …
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economic cut-off gold grade for refractory ores is somewhat higher than non-refractory ores. The mining industry uses a "rule of thumb" of 80% gold recovery to define the transition from a refractory to a non-refractory gold ore. Ones under 80% are considered refractory. In assessing the economic benefit of the extra processing
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During roasting, refractory gold ore is treated with extremely hot air. This causes the sulfites to oxidize, separate from the ore, and become sulfur dioxide. Once all of the sulfides are oxidized, the remaining gold ore can be processed normally. The roasting method has been around for hundreds of years. Prior to the 20th century, the process ...
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1. Introduction. Gold ores are considered refractory if gold extractions from a conventional cyanidation process are less than 80% even after fine grinding. 1) Arsenic-bearing refractory gold ore has stones extremely difficult to deal with. In the stones, gold is locked up in arsenic mineral matrix as the form of microscopic or submicroscopic lattice.
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However, with the increasing refractory nature of gold ores and restrictions on cy anidation, interest in halide-based gold leaching processes was r enewed in the 1990s ( Tran et al., 2001).
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At the plant of the Consolidated Murchison Co. in the Transvaal, South Africa, where a refractory high-antimony gold ore is being treated, …
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refractory gold ore is gold-containing ore that is resistant to recovery by direct cyanidation and carbon adsorption processes. More specifically, it is an ore that has a gold recovery rate of less than 80% when direct cyanidation is applied to it. Dr Chris Fleming, senior metallurgical consultant at SGS Minerals, says: "In the
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Abstract—The processes occurring during autoclave oxidation leaching of refractory sulfide gold ore concentrates are discussed. As a result of them, hard-to-remove deposits (crust), which decrease the productivity of the equipment, form on all internal surfaces of autoclaves. The phase composition of the deposits is shown to change from section to section in an autoclave, …
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ALS offers expert solutions for refractory gold ore processing. Our advanced pre-treatment options and customized testing programs ensure maximum gold extraction efficiency.
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This has a significant effect on the environmental footprint of gold production as refractory ores cannot be easily treated by simple cyanidation treatment. In refractory ores, gold is typically encapsulated inside a sulfide matrix (pyrite, arsenopyrite) that must be decomposed to liberate the gold for leaching (Marsden and House Citation 2005).
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But what is refractory ore? A "refractory" gold ore is an ore that has ultra-fine gold particles disseminated throughout its gold occluded minerals. These ores are naturally resistant to recovery by standard cyanidation and carbon adsorption processes. A refractory ore generally contains sulphide minerals, organic carbon, or both, generally ...
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Refractory gold ore cannot be treated with traditional cyadination methods. Learn how the roasting method is used to process refractory gold ore.
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Gold miners are facing a reserves crisis, and what is left in the ground is becoming more and more challenging to process.Refractory gold reserves, which require more sophisticated treatment methods in order to achieve oxide-ore recovery rates, correspond to 24 percent of current gold reserves and 22 percent of gold resources worldwide (Exhibit 1).
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Sulfides and carbonaceous matter in double refractory gold ore (DRGO) were bio-treated sequentially using an iron-oxidizing archaeon Acidianus brierleyi followed by lignin peroxidase-dominating crude enzymes released from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to significantly improve gold recovery from 24% to 92%.
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The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores (RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite on the stability of the …
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For some complex gold-bearing ores, especially refractory polymetallic gold-bearing ores, it is technically necessary to select or develop a combination of the gold processing methods in order to maximize gold …
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