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The total steel slag produced in steelmaking is not disposed of and properly utilized by about 55–78% in China [15]. The annual output of crude steel is about 21.39 million tons in Taiwan, including approximately 0.4 million tons of SSRS, 1.5 million tons of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, and 4 million tons of granulated blast furnace slag ...
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Noticeably, steel slag still faces some intractable problems as construction materials on a large scale, including the potential volume instability and low hydraulic property [11], [12], [13].The f-CaO and f-MgO in steel slag will react with water and convert into Ca(OH) 2 and Mg(OH) 2, causing the volume expansion of steel slag [14].Meanwhile, steel slag exhibits …
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XRD pattern of steel-slag powder. 2.2. Specimens and Mix Proportions. In order to explore the effect of different replacement ratios of steel-slag powder on the fracture properties of the SPC, beam specimens of a total of five groups of specimens with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement ratios of steel-slag powder were tested, respectively.
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Problematic subgrade soil such as clay is expansive by nature and is challenging to work with during pavement construction. In an effort to combat this issue and lower the rate of pavement failure on highway construction projects, cementitious industrial waste materials should be used. This study thus examined the influence of steel slag (SS) and calcium carbide waste …
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In the current study, electric arc furnace stainless steel slag (EAFSS) as a potential precursor in the production of alkali activated materials (AAMs) is investigated, along and alternatively to the use of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). Five blended mixtures with different levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt %) of EAFSS to replace ...
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In this paper, the effects of CO 2-fixing steel slag powder on the hydration characteristics of cement-based materials are compared, including the early liquid phase ion concentration, hydration heat, chemically bound water and strength.After the steel slag powder is cured by CO 2 form the cement kiln flue gas, the calcium-containing ore phase is transformed …
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Pang et al. compared the basic characteristics of natural fine aggregate, steel slag aggregate and carbonated steel slag aggregate and found that the compressive strength of concrete with …
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In this study, a kind of widely available steel slag, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), was used as the sole material for fabricating dry-mixed compacts; the interactions of …
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Citation: Yang G, Li C, Xie W, Yue Y, Kong C and Li X (2024) Effect of carbide slag and steel slag as alkali activators on the key properties of carbide slag-steel slag-slag-phosphogypsum composite cementitious materials. Front. Mater. 11:1353004. doi: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1353004. Received: 09 December 2023; Accepted: 26 February 2024;
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The compactness, skid resistance and anti-seepage performance of asphalt mixture with steel slag are superior than basalt in contrast to the surface flatness. The VOCs emission concentrations of the steel slag asphalt mixture during mixing plant, spreading and rolling are higher than that of basalt asphalt mixture.
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The lower porosity of the steel slag-based artificial aggregate at a 1.4:1 ratio indicates greater compactness, while a higher gel pore content suggests a more uniform and stable internal structure, contributing to enhanced compressive strength and toughness of the material. ... Sieve the steel slag-based artificial aggregate with particle size ...
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Steel slag is an industrial byproduct generated during steelmaking through a series of complex physical and chemical reactions ... As the amount of C–S–H gel and AFt increases in the system, voids are filled, porosity decreases, and the compactness of the structure improves [[51], [52], [53]].
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Steel slag particles ranging from 5 to 20 μm had the most significant influence on enhancing the rheological properties of 3D-printed steel slag cementitious materials by facilitating the formation of a flocculated mesh structure during early hydration. Optimal rheological performance was achieved with a dosage level of 10% steel slag ...
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Steel slag, a byproduct formed in the steelmaking process, is produced at a rate of ~ 150–200 kg per ton of pig iron conversion to steel [5], [6], [7]. The production of steel slag reached about 253–338 Mt/y according to the World Steel Association in 2018 [8]. Currently, coarse stabilized steel slag is used as an aggregate in road foundation.
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As a kind of solid waste, steel slag is a residue obtained during the conversion of hot metal to crude steel, which accounts for about 10–15% of crude steel production [1].In China, the annual output of steel slag is more than 120 million tons [2].However, the comprehensive utilization ratio of steel slag is less than 30% [3].The untreated steel slag stacked on farmland …
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The interface between steel slag sand and cement paste is denser than that of river sand, since the hydration occurs on the surface of steel slag sand, which leads to the formation of C-A-S-H gel and Ca(OH)2. ... needle rod ettringite and flake or plate Ca(OH) 2 cannot be found, and the compactness of the sample has been further improved. As ...
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A new type of 3D-printable 'one-part' geopolymer was synthesized with fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), steel slag (SS) and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD). The effects of SS content (0–40%) on the rheological properties, 3D-printability, mechanical anisotropy and reaction kinetics of geopolymer were investigated.
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The steel slag with a fine particle size can better fill the pores in concrete and improve the compactness, thus enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete.
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The utilization of smaller steel slag particles resulted in enhanced particle packing and increased the overall compactness of concrete. Incorporating steel slag at a 10% replacement rate resulted in a pulse velocity that is 1% higher compared to the control mixture.
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The results show that the steel slag has a better surface texture than the natural aggregates; physical properties including compactness, flatness and compressive strength comply with the requirements for applying steel slag to a hydraulically bound mixture. Compared to the base layer using andesite aggregates, the compaction vibration period ...
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This paper reviews the properties of steel slag aggregates and mixtures, examines the main factors causing volume expansion, outlines current modification methods to reduce …
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Permeability curves of three kinds of steel slag with changing void ratios: (a) fine steel slag; (b) coarse steel slag; (c) gravel steel slag. It was found that it was difficult to compact fine steel slag in the process of sample …
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The principle behind this method involves the introduction of microorganisms to accelerate the carbonation of Ca(OH) 2 in steel slag, reducing the porosity of the samples, …
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Since both steel slag and carbide slag undergo a "gas-liquid-solid" three-phase carbonation reaction, liquid water can facilitate the carbonation by promoting the dissolution of CO 2 and the precipitation of calcium-containing phases in the sample [30]. ... primarily die to their lower overall compactness.
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The impacts of steel slag (SS) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) on the mechanical properties, hydration process, and microscopic characteristics of concrete were investigated in this study. ... (OH) 2, enhance the compactness of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and refine the pore structure of concrete. Furthermore, a ...
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During steel production, the impurities in the hot metal react with the fluxes forming the steel slag. Chemical constituents of this steel slag (SS) are relevant to iron/steelmaking or blended cement manufacture. Harmful impurities present in it, however, limit its recycling to these applications. Japan, Europe, and the US consume a significant amount of their SS, but more …
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The molten steel slag is broken into small droplets [13,14,15]. The steel slag droplet is cooled rapidly in the flight process, and finally solidified into small particles in the granulation chamber. The molten steel slag is granulated by high-pressure air and carries out convective heat transfer with surrounding air during flight.
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2.2. Experimental Scheme. The experimental study included three parts: (1) to explore the optimal ratio of steel slag to replace cement through compression tests on dredged soils with different moisture content; (2) to investigate the influence of particle size of steel slag and curing age on the strength properties of dredged soils stabilized by cement and steel slag; (3) to figure out …
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(1) The larger the relative density of steel slag, the smaller the permeability coefficient, which is due to the larger the relative density, the greater the compactness of steel slag and the smaller the internal pores, and the gap between large particles was filled with small particles and air in pores was compressed, thus increasing the ...
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In this study, industrial solid waste steel slag was used as supporting material for the first time, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium nitrate (NaNO 3), and sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) were used as low, medium, and high-temperature phase change materials (PCMs).A series of shape-stable composite phase change materials (C-PCMs) were prepared by vacuum …
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