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Roasting treatments were investigated to remove arsenic from a nickel concentrate. The main arsenic minerals and their proportions in the concentrate were niccolite (NiAs)-50%, gersdorffite (NiAsS)-40% and arsenopyrite (FeAsS)-10%. Thermal analysis showed that gersdorffite and niccolite began decomposing when heated above 640 and 830°C …
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Low levels of arsenic add to the quality of the concentrate. Arsenic is toxic and must be removed from nickel concentrate in the smelting process. High levels of arsenic will attract penalties to the price paid for the concentrate. Positive Conclusion These very positive results indicate nickel mineralisation within the Golden Swan mineralised ...
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Typically miners incur penalties on arsenic in concentrates above 0.2% As with ... This paper will present the metallurgical findings from recent pilot plant testing on high-arsenic concentrate samples. ... copper-gold, and copper-nickel concentrates. The CESL Processes as applied to copper has been successfully assessed on a semi-industrial ...
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Arsenic is often associated with copper, nickel and gold in sulphide deposits. This paper describes a two-stage high-temperature fluid bed reactor for the removal and fixation of As from ores and ...
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Awaruite has the potential to be concentrated in a unique and valuable nickel concentrate of distinctive characteristics including its very high nickel content, which lowers both the downstream costs and the carbon intensity. ... the negligible content of sulphur and penalty trace elements, such as mercury, antimony, and arsenic in a potential ...
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The U.S. Government (USGS) sees a better way saying: "The development of awaruite deposits in other parts of Canada may help alleviate any prolonged shortage of nickel concentrate. Awaruite, a ...
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Chinese authorities also tried to tighten the impurities thresholds for copper concentrate in 2019, reducing the limits not only for arsenic but also for fluorine, lead and cadmium. The proposal faced strong opposition from major …
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It is commonly known that copper smelter terms include penalties if the concentrations of elements, such as arsenic, mercury and fluorine, exceed stipulated limits. It is less commonly known that the behaviour of these elements in the smelters can depend on the processes used to treat the concentrate. The principle behind the penalties is to compensate the smelters and …
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Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Selective leaching of penalty elements from copper concentrates: A review" by Daniel J. Lane et al. ... The selective leaching of arsenic using sodium hypochlorite was evaluated in order to reduce its concentration in a copper concentrate. The best conditions achieved in the synthetic concentrate were ...
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The plant was designed to process low-arsenic content Voisey's Bay sourced nickel concentrate (<0.001% As). In 2016, nickel concentrate from Vale's Manitoba Division containing up to 0.1% arsenic was investigated as a possible candidate for recovery via the Long Harbour flowsheet.
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During bioleaching of nickel concentrate, the highest yields (nickel 60 %, cobalt 49 %) were achieved with the starting pH 1.8 when also iron (28 %) and arsenic (33 %) yields were the highest. At starting pH 3.0, all metal yields (nickel 31 %, cobalt 31 %, iron 12 % and arsenic 11 %) were lower than with starting pH 1.8.
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5, where the nickel extraction is plotted as a function of the Fe:As mole ratio in the concentrate for various autoclave reaction times. The minimum Fe:As mole ratio, and projected arsenic content, of the concentrate to reach 95% nickel extraction from the laterite ore is summarized in Table 4.
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The smelter processes the nickel–copper concentrates and toll feed material into a leach alloy, which typically contains 65 per cent nickel, 25 per cent copper, 1 per cent cobalt, 6 per cent sulphur, 0.6 per cent arsenic, and 0.4 per cent iron. After receiving the concentrates from the mines, they go through three major unit
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Arsenic recovery as a function of Pn recovery under various depressing conditions, indicating both TSS and MAA depressed arsenic flotation and aeration enhanced the effectiveness of these depressants.
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It is well understood that the production of gold and silver in the form of bullion, or as cyanide precipitates, is ordinarily more profitable than the sale of even a rich flotation concentrate. The United States Mint will accept bullion containing 20% or more of gold and silver combined, while in Canada the minimum is 50%. Refinin…
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Objective: Niccolite, a rare nickel arsenide mineral, has emerged as a promising source for nickel extraction. However, its processing is limited and often associated with toxicity concerns.
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Penalties apply to those elements that are toxic and expensive to dispose of, such as mercury. Penalties also apply to those elements that are contaminants to the principal metal and are difficult and/or expensive to remove. For a lead-zinc concentrate typical penalties include bismuth, mercury, antimony, cadmium, nickel, cobalt and copper.
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Arsenic is considered a "penalty element" [1, 2], and its removal in copper metallurgy presents a scientific and technological challenge; smelters impose penalties on the price of the concentrate ...
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During bioleaching of nickel concentrate, the highest yields (nickel 60 %, cobalt 49 %) were achieved with the starting pH 1.8 when also iron (28 %) and arsenic (33 %) yields were the highest. At starting pH 3.0, all metal yields (nickel 31 %, cobalt 31 %, iron 12 % and arsenic 11 %) were lower than with starting pH 1.8.
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begin to be imposed on various impurities and the magnitude of the penalty. Table 1 - Concentrate Maximum Impurity Levels and Approximate Penalties Element Penalty Limit, % Penalty, $/t per extra 0.1 % Arsenic 0.2 2 - higher arsenic >1 >5 Antimony 0.05 15 Bismuth 0.02 25 Cadmium 0.03 30 Fluorine 0.03 15 Lead 1 0.3 Mercury 0.0005 3000
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Arsenic is one of the most dangerous inorganic pollutants and thus a penalty element in many base metal concentrates. ... According to Iwasaki et al. (1988), nickel arsenide (Ni 11 As 8) is much more easily oxidized than pyrrhotite ... The separation was made on a bulk copper–arsenic concentrate after reducing the pulp potential to ...
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The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, and further refined to ...
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Voisey's Bay sourced nickel concentrate (<10 μg/g arsenic). In 2016, nickel concentrate from Vale's Manitoba Division containing up to 1000 μg/g arsenic was investigated as a possible candidate for recovery via the Long Harbour flowsheet. This study was divided into several stages where the ultimate goal of was to examine the stability ...
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Arsenic, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Sb all fit this category ... The performance of a given leach system, in terms of its ability to selectively remove penalty elements from a copper concentrate, is largely determined by the chemical and physical properties of the concentrate, especially the concentrations and mineral speciation of the penalty elements. ...
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It is a penalty element in many base metal concentrates that are destined for smelting to produce the relevant metallic products. It is of economic and environmental interest …
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It is commonly known that copper smelter terms include penalties if the concentrations of elements, such as arsenic, mercury and fluorine, exceed stipulated limits. It is less commonly known that the behaviour of these elements in the smelters can depend on the processes used to treat the concentrate. The principle behind the penalties is to compensate …
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Nickel concentrate from both operations is combined and processed in a beneficiation circuit where feed is re-ground to a P 80 of 30–40 µm followed by magnetic ... Simplified process flow diagram for bacterial leaching (BioHeap tm) of high arsenic nickel flotation cleaner tailings at the Cosmic Boy nickel concentrator, Forrestania ...
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Arsenic in nickel and copper concentrate, mercury in zinc concentrate, phosphorous in iron concentrate and calcite in uranium concentrate impose financial penalties to a custom smelter …
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Penalty element charges can largely influence the negotiated price for the sale of copper concentrate. In general, the price of copper concentrate will depend on: the market price for London Metal Exchange (LME) Grade A copper cathode; the payable copper content in the concentrate; treatment and refining charges; credits for valuable metals in the concentrate …
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A low arsenic concentrate that can be smelted without incurring penalties. A high arsenic concentrate that can be further treated to extract the remaining copper content. Prior research conducted by CSIRO, University of South Australia and SMI-JKMRC has resulted in a proposed flotation circuit for achieving separation of low and high arsenic ...
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