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Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock made up of layers of solid organic material derived from land plants, algae, woody plants, marine creatures, and other long-dead plant and animal life.
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Conversely, China faces challenges in oil shale mining due to a considerable portion of its resources being located at great depths, making the extraction process difficult and costly. For instance, operating costs range from 2400 yuan per ton in ore-bearing areas with shallow buried depths like in Huadian and Jilin, to 3600 yuan per ton in ...
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Oil shale - Western US, Mining, Kerogen: Oil shales of the Green River Formation (GRF) of Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado in the western United States have been considered economically valuable since the early 20th century. During the mid-1800s, oil shale was burned and oil distilled from shale in Utah. In Colorado, shale oil was used as smudge in orchards about the end of …
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Figure (PageIndex{9}): Underground mining in Estonia of oil shale. Concentrating and Refining. All ore minerals occur mixed with less desirable components called gangue. The process of physically separating gangue minerals from ore …
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The requirement for mining and crushing oil shale can be environmentally disruptive and energy-intensive. Kiviter Vertical Retort [43,44,45] This method uses a vertical vessel design and solid heat carriers for extracting shale oil. The technique, having undergone several improvements, is in use in several countries including Estonia, Russia ...
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Oil Shale can only be found by Mining in the Desert biome. Oil Shale is placed into your Inventory when mining Oil Deposits. It has a purple hue and is somewhat shiny on higher graphic settings, with a brushed appearance as seen here as a Surface Node. Oil Shale is found in the Desert by digging down at about 20 blocks, where the stone layer ...
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This article proposes an in-situ steam-assisted thermal decomposition method for oil shale using long-distance horizontal wells.Firstly, this article establishes a coupled thermal–hydraulic ...
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Oil Shale is organic-rich sedimentary rocks that have contain kerogen (insoluble organic matter in sedimentary rock. When subjected to intense heat, these shales yield oil. Oil shales range from brown to black in color. …
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The mining of oil shale has a long history dating back to the mid-19th century. It became particularly significant during the oil crisis of the 1970s, where it was seen as a potential domestic energy solution in several countries, including the United States.
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A novel method called oil shale in-situ mining technology is efficient and environmentally friendly. This technology can exploit deep oil shale while reducing pollution and greenhouse effect. Based on the data collected, this paper summarizes the development of global underground in-situ oil shale mining technology, introduces four
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- Selective mining improves quality in oil shale extraction, told German company, active now in Estonia, in a press release. Oil shale is a type of rock consisting of both organic carbon and mineral constituents. Oil shale resources are estimated to amount to some 10 quintillion tonnes worldwide. The amount of oil they would yield exceeds the current …
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Oil shale is an essential strategic resource with huge reserves and is rich in mineral resources in the world [1], [2].According to incomplete statistics, its reserves are about 1.0 × 10 12 t, 40% more than coal resources. Oil shale resources worldwide are mainly distributed around the United States, Russia, China, Estonia, and other countries [3].
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Oil shale is a type of sedimentary rock formation that can be used to produce oil and gas. Oil shale can produce oil and gas because of the presence of kerogen, a type of organic matter...
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The extraction and utilization of shale oil have been the subject of intense political debate, making it a controversial topic. This unconventional oil has been utilized since the early 14th century and has gained popularity ... Ex-situ shale oil extraction includes underground mining that destroys retort sites.
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Moreover, incomplete pyrolytic conversion of casein in oil shale leads to unstable quality and high viscosity of shale oil. In-situ conversion mining technology for oil shale involves artificially heating the underground oil shale reservoir, cracking the solid casein inside the oil shale in-situ into oil and gas, and then extracting them ...
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Generally, surface processing consists of three major steps: (i) oil shale mining and ore preparation (ii) pyrolysis of oil shale to produce shale oil, i.e., kerogen-derived oil, and (iii) …
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Surface mining of oil shale can lead to extensive land disturbance and habitat disruption. Large-scale mining operations require clearing vast areas of land, displacing wildlife and altering natural landscapes. Moreover, the construction of infrastructure such as roads and processing facilities further exacerbates environmental impacts ...
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Oil-shale is one of the most important direct sources of hydrocarbon in southern China. The term "oil-shale" refers to organic-rich fine-grained rocks that produce oil upon distillation and has a production cut-off value, used to distinguish between oil-shale and marlstone, of greater than 12.5 litres per metric tonne. One of the largest oil-shale mining areas of China, and a major source …
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Once a shale sample has been located and evaluated, the rocks are extracted through open-pit mining or hydraulic fracturing.. This latter process, commonly called "fracking," involves shooting highly pressurized liquids into …
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oil shale, any sedimentary rock containing various amounts of solid organic material that yields petroleum products, along with a variety of solid by-products, when subjected to pyrolysis—a treatment that consists of heating the rock to above 300 °C (about 575 °F) in the absence of oxygen. The liquid oil extracted from oil shale, once it is upgraded, creates a type of synthetic …
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1 Russell, History of Western Oil Shale, 103-7; Wasko, "A Look at Shale Country – January 1981," 5. 2 Russell, History of Western Oil Shale, 117-8; P.A. Petzrick, "Oil Shale – An Ace in the Hole for National Security," Shale Country (Oct 1975): 18-9; Alys Novak, "Oil Shale – 1976: Review/Preview," Shale Country, 5. A joint bid ...
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The research results show that Maoming oil shale open-pit mine area has gone through four main stages: pre-exploitation stage, large-scale utilization stage, restoration stage, and green ...
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2.3 History of Oil Shale Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.4 Development of Mining Technology in Estonia and Russia 2.5 Surface Mining in Estonia 2.6. Underground Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.7. Separation of Oil Shale from Waste 2.8. Economics and Organization 2.9. Future Trends of Oil Shale Mining in Estonia 3. Oil Shale Mining in China
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The mining of oil shale requires large amounts of water and energy, utilizes strip mining or in-situ extraction methods, and necessitates environmental considerations due to its impacts. These factors are vital for the effective extraction of shale oil from sedimentary rock. Proper management and mitigation strategies are essential to reduce ...
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Oil shale, despite the name, does not actually contain oil, but is a precursor of oil that is converted to crude oil when heated. This website contains assessments and geologic reports, as well as spatial and tabular datasets, …
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The Rifle, Colorado, oil-shale project of the Bureau of Mines included three major divisions: (1) mining, (2) retorting, and (3) refining. The major functions of the mining program were to supply oil shale to the retorts, to devise mining procedures, and to develop an underground-mining method by which oil shale could be produced safely at an unusually low cost per ton.
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The processes can be carried out either by mining the oil shale and then producing oil by heating it in aboveground retorting facilities (termed ex situ processing) or by heating the oil shale underground without mining it and bringing it to the surface (termed in situ processing). Limiting the processing temperature to below 500 °C is ...
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Mining for oil shale can have damaging effects on the environment. When shale oil is combusted (heated), it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas; it absorbs and retains heat …
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On the Western Slope of the Rocky Mountains, teams of scientists and engineers are working on a feat of modern day alchemy: turning rocks into oil. The object of their attention is oil shale, a …
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The traditional ground-retorting oil shale mining technology has high costs and pollution problems. The in-situ mining technology of oil shale based on electric heating is gradually becoming the research focus in this field. In this paper, the electric heating mechanism, pyrolysis mechanism, and entropy production theory of oil shale are ...
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