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Phosphogypsum (PG) is a calcium sulphate dihydrate and a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry. It is produced in huge quantities (300 MT/year), but only 15% of …
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Research shows that less than 15 % of phosphogypsum is currently recycled and utilized, ... At the same time, current methods for phosphogypsum disposal mainly involve landfilling and stacking. Through the research in this paper, large amounts of phosphogypsum can be consumed, freeing up land and significantly reducing negative impacts and ...
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The natural gypsum is mainly used as a cement manufacturing retarder [1,2,3], while secondary gypsum (industrial by-product gypsum) is a typical representative of solid waste material. Phosphogypsum (PG) represents the typical secondary gypsum material; its main composition is also of dihydrate calcium sulphate.
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The report recommended to continue regular monitoring and seek further solutions for possible re-use of phosphogypsum. Currently, over 50–65 million tons of phosphogypsum are accumulated in Ukraine. ... The aggregate composition of phosphogypsum is mainly comprised of particles sized 0.15–0.20 mm (65–70%) (Wolicka 2008; Shuisky et al ...
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Phosphogypsum is a solid waste byproduct from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. The phosphate ore and the resulting phosphogypsum contain radium, which …
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The currently applied methods for impurity removal from phosphogypsum mainly eliminate the influence of phosphorus and fluorine impurities on gypsum-building materials 6,7,8,9,10.
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Only 15% of all phosphogypsum produced in the world is recycled; the remaining volume is stored or dumped into water reservoirs, which causes significant damage to the environment [].In this connection, the search for ways to use PG as a resource for the production of gypsum binders is a promised trend that will solve the environmental problems in regions …
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In the United States, phosphogypsum is currently being produced at a rate of 54 million Mg (60 million tons) per year. Long-term projections indicate that more than 1.4 billion Mg (1.54 ... and fluorogypsum crystals are mainly calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaS04·2H20) with the presence of other minor elements. Morpho ...
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Phosphogypsum is the most significant industrial solid waste in the world. Phosphogypsum has a complex composition and its traditional storage methods occupy large areas of land and also damage the environment. Currently, phosphogypsum is mainly used for the direct preparation of construction materials and chemical auxiliary materials, but the amount of phosphogypsum …
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Herein, an Fe-P slag, which is a solid waste that mainly comprises iron phosphide (FeP) and diiron phosphide (Fe2P), can dramatically decrease the decomposition temperature of phosphogypsum.
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Numerous experimental sections have, however, been constructed in Texas and monitored over extended periods with very good results. 8 Phosphogypsum is used as raw material for manufacturing non-fired load-bearing wall bricks. 9 Recently, scientists in North Africa are trying to use phosphogypsum in the manufacture of bricks to satisfy the high ...
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Currently, phosphogypsum is mainly used for the direct preparation of construction materials and chemical auxiliary materials, but the amount of phosphogypsum used in this process is small, so its ...
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Phosphogypsum mainly consists of silt-sized gypsum crystals. These gypsum crystals are softly aggregated, ... Currently, researchers mostly use inorganic acids as leaching agents to leach REEs in PG. Strong acids, such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, have attracted the attention of researchers because of their high leaching and recovery rates ...
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Phosphogypsum circular economy considerations: A critical review from more than 65 storage sites worldwide ... which is a key ingredient in fertilizer. It is mainly found in marine sedimentary deposits, igneous rocks, and guano. ... it is noteworthy that in case of fresh PG changes in the current phosphoric acid production processes (sulfuric ...
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Phosphogypsum is a solid waste generated during wet phosphoric acid treatment, and the use of phosphogypsum blending instead of cement in concrete production can effectively reduce carbon dioxide ...
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Phosphogypsum is a chemical by-product of phosphoric acid processing plants and con sists mainly of calcium sulfate dihydrate (Caso4 • 2H20).
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Phosphogypsum is a byproduct of the production of fertilizer from phosphate rock, composed mainly of gypsum – a material widely used in the construction industry.
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As can be seen from Eq. 1, phosphogypsum (PG) is produced in the process of producing phosphoric acid by sulfuric acid wet method.PG mainly comprises CaSO4·2H2O and contains a small amount of impurities such as phosphates, heavy metals, fluoride, and organic matter [7].PG is usually a powdery material, light gray, light yellow, or gray black, with good …
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Five clusters were formed: a red cluster-phosphogypsum recycling in the construction industry; green cluster-radiation pollution problem of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizers; yellow cluster ...
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The use of phosphogypsum for road construction has been suspended because of the short duration of the roadway covering and the possibility of harmful components of phosphogypsum getting into the environment. In addition, the use of phosphogypsum in the construction materials and cement industry has been slowed down by the economic crisis. 2.1.
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The works [20,21,22] introduced the early-stage development of several phosphogypsum blocks and the current applications of unburned phosphogypsum permeable bricks. The works ... The raw materials of cast-in-situ phosphogypsum are mainly phosphogypsum, phosphorus slag powder, hydrated lime, cement, a retarder and a water …
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Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of phosphoric acid production, where worldwide PG generation exceeds 300 million tons annually. The vast majority of produced PG is discarded irresponsibly, leading to …
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Phosphogypsum is the most significant industrial solid waste in the world. Phosphogypsum has a complex composition and its traditional storage methods occupy large areas of land and also damage the environment. Currently, phosphogypsum is mainly used for the direct preparation of construction materials and chemical auxiliary materials, but the amount of phosphogypsum …
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Currently, PG is mainly used in the cement industry, construction road industry, agriculture, and sulfuric acid and sulfate industries [7]. PG is mainly used in cement production as a mineralizer ...
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The current status, limitations, and development of resource utilization of PG in building materials are reviewed. ... Poland and South Africa developed the co-production of sulphuric acid and cement from natural gypsum, hard gypsum and phosphogypsum [11]. PG was used in Japan in 1930s [12], it is mainly used to produce gypsum building ...
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The materials required for the preparation of phosphogypsum ed concrete mainly include phosphogypsum, cement, and fly ash. 2.1.1. Phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum is currently the most widely used in the building materials industry, but due to the presence of a large number of harmful impurities in phosphogypsum, such as
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product. Due to the complex and harmful impurity components, phosphogypsum cannot be directly used. At present, the global phosphogypsum accumulation has reached 6 billion tons and is still growing at 150 million tons per year. China is a by-product country of phosphogypsum. How to use phosphogypsum efficiently has become a big problem in China.
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Phosphogypsum is an industrial by-product, derived mainly from phosphate, phosphate fertilizer, and other industries. Because of economic policies and technical limitations, most countries manage phosphogypsum by storing or dumping, which not only consumes considerable land resources, but also causes potential damage to the environment (Akram et …
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Phosphogypsum (PG) is a bulk industrial solid waste of wet-process phosphoric acid production. Every ton of phosphoric acid production generates as many as 4–6 tons of PG, including more than 90% of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, a small amount of phosphorus, fluorine, organic matter, oxides, heavy metals, radioactive substances and other impurities that have serious …
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Phosphogypsum(PG) is one of the typical bulk industrial solid wastes generated in the phosphate chemical industry. Due to its huge production volume and immature resource treatment technology, a large amount of PG can only be stored and disposed in slag yards, and its impact on the ecological environment is becoming increasingly significant during long-term …
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