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The average lead content of the material currently mined is approximately 6 percent (USBuMines annual 1991). Antimony and bismuth, as well as copper, zinc, silver and gold are byproducts of lead mining. The process for the production of primary lead from ore consists of five basic stages, namely: ore mining and beneficiation, sintering, smelting,
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in zinc smelters: the roasters and (where used) the sintering machines. The sintering machines are used to agglomerate roasted ore so that it can be reduced to the metal by one of the thermal reduction processes.60-80 In the sintering process residual sulfur …
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Sintering occurs on a traveling grate furnace known as a "sinter machine." The lead concentrates are mixed with fluxes, recycled sinter, and flue dusts and other recycled materials.
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The Harima Smelter, which produces zinc and lead consigned by MS Zinc Co., Ltd, introduced the ISP refining method, an innovative technology to simultaneously produce zinc and lead in ore, developed by Imperial …
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Chanderiya Lead-Zinc Smelter (CLZS) is one of the largest zinc-lead smelting complexes in the world. ... commencing with sintering. Lead and zinc concentrates, combined with bulk concentrates, are blended with secondaries and fluxes. Passing through the sinter machine eliminates sulphur, and resulting gas is directed to the sulphuric acid plant ...
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The processing of lead concentrate into metallurgical lead involves 3 major steps: sintering, reduction, and refining. A diagram of a typical facility, with particle and gaseous emission …
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The mixture is passed through the sinter machine to remove sulphur. The gas generated from the sintering process is sent to the sulphuric acid plant. ... The Imperial Smelting Furnace (ISF) is designed to simultaneously produce molten zinc and lead by smelting agglomerated Sinter with preheated coke and preheated blast air. Chemical reaction ...
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Sinter Machine: The updraft sinter machine has an area of 120 sq. m. and 109 pallets each measuring 3 m x 1 m in size. ... the small sized clinkers coming from sinter are melted and lead, silver, zinc copper, etc. are obtained in their impure form. These impure metals are then sent to refinery plant in order to obtain the highest purity form ...
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fully for zinc-lead materials, and is now standard practice. Because a zinc-lead mix is less dense than a lead mix, there is a greater tendency for the bed to lift than is experienced in lead sintering. This has been overcome by paying greater attention to mix condi tioning ahead of the sinter machine, and feeding onto the moving grate.
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The lead–zinc sintering process (LZSP) aims at producing sinter with satisfactory permeability, appropriate composition, etc. [1], [2]. It features strong nonlinearity and time-varying parameters [3], which make it difficult to build a model of the process for practical use. The burn-through point (BTP) is a key parameter of the LZSP.
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Download Citation | Volatile characteristics of lead and zinc during co-processing hazardous waste in sintering machines | This study used PbCl2 and ZnCl2 to simulate hazardous waste and ...
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Partial elimination of lead and cadmium in the sintering of zinc ores is common knowledge. However, by some manipulation and by taking advantage of the double circuit, it is possible to make zinc sinter which is nearly free of …
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VZS lead-sulphate residue contains high levels of zinc and cadmium and a low level of lead, making it unsuitable for direct feeding to a sinter machine for the recovery of lead. Moreover, high levels of sulphates (SO 4 /S) and low levels of sulphide/sulphur (S/S) make this material unsuitable for sintering.
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Sulphide Corporation Pty. Limited has roasted a number of different zinc sulphide concentrates on its sinter machine which pro- duces zinc-lead sinter for an Imperial Smelting Furnace, and results have varied widely. The differences are considered to be functions of !concentrate particle size and reactivity. Amdel have used differential thermal analysis to examine these concentrates …
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Fig. 1. The lead-zinc sintering process Different kinds of lead-zinc ores are first blended and dried to become mixing dry concentrate. Then the mixing concentrate and returning powder are blended and granulated. The mixture is oxidized and desulfurated in updraft sintering machine to produce agglomerates and SO 2 is sent to prepare sulfuric acid.
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The products of this process are zinc–lead sinter and post-reaction gas. The gas is transferred to a sulphuric acid production line while the sinter, after crushing and segregation, forms the feedstock for the shaft furnace …
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composition in a lead/zinc sinter plant by the use of charge calculation which included as a target the theoretical peak bed temperature. Xu et al. [6] and Gui et al. [7] described the
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Sinter is designed for self-fluxing in subsequent blast furnace smelting. Product sinter contains some metallic lead with lead oxide, zinc oxide, and some sulfide and sulfate in a complex …
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Primary Lead Processing. The conventional pyrometallurgical primary lead production process consists of four steps: sintering, smelting, drossing, and refining. A feedstock made up mainly of lead concentrate is fed into a sintering machine. Other raw materials may be added, including iron, silica, limestone flux, coke, soda, ash, pyrite, zinc ...
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The lead–zinc sintering process (LZSP) aims at producing sinter with satisfactory permeability, appropriate composition, etc. [1], [2].It features strong nonlinearity and time-varying parameters [3], which make it difficult to build a model of the process for practical use.The burn-through point (BTP) is a key parameter of the LZSP.
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In lead-zinc sintering process, various kinds of lead-zinc concentrates and returning powder from ineligible sintering production are blended and then sintered in updraft sintering machine to produce agglomerate for imperial smelting process. It is required to determine a proper mixture ratio for these materials blended to assure sintering ...
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Lead-zinc ore beneficiation equipment and uses. Jaw Crusher and Cone Crusher: Crush the ore to achieve the dissociation of useful minerals and gangue minerals.
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Sinter is the primary feedstock for blast furnace to produce lead and zinc metals and it is obtained by the oxidation sintering of fine particulate zinc/lead sulphide concentrates in updraught sinter machines. A typical flowsheet of sinter process is shown in Figure 2. The product is a partially fused porous agglomerate, which is crushed and ...
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Some works use 2 predictive models of the sintering point: temporal and technological. So, in order to predict the permeability of lead-zinc ores in [20], 6 previous permeability values are fed to ...
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The 72,500 tpa zinc and 33,000 tpa lead smelter of Ammi Sarda s.p.a. is located at Porto Vesme in southwest Sardinia close to the sea coast. ... second furnace with its associated sinter and acid plants is to be built at Miasteczko (Poland) for completion in 1977 and further
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The maximum values were 3.86%, 0.92% and 0.09%, respectively. In the combustion and pre-reducing zone, the content of zinc, lead and arsenic was decreased to 0.52%, 0.12% and 0.05%, respectively. The content of zinc, lead and arsenic in product sinter zone decreased with the moving flame front upward.
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The model calculates the temperature profile along the sintering machine, the compositions of the sinter and the exhaust gas. The results of the proposed model were compared with sinter pot experimental trials and a ... of the lead-zinc sintering process. Zhou et al. [8] modelled the iron ore sintering process taking into account the flame ...
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Galena (PbS) and sphalerite (ZnS) are the major ore minerals for Pb and Zn respectively. Pyrometallurgical processing of Pb and Zn metals usually includes four stages: ore dressing, smelting, drossing and refining. Sinter – blast furnace route is one of the most important smelting technologies which was adopted from iron and steel industries. Lead-rich sinter is treated in …
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from the back of the sintering machine. Quali¯ed sintering agglomeration are sent to the smelting process while others are returned through two-level fragmentation and cooling process to produce returned powder. The lead-zinc sintering process is a complicated physical and chemical reaction process with strong nonlinearity, a
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4) undersized sinter recycled from the roast exiting the sinter machine. The undersized sinter return stream mixes with the other feed components, or green feed, as the two streams enter a rotary pelletizing drum. A water spray into the drum enhances the formation of nodules in which the sinter returns form a core rich in lead oxide and the ...
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