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Arsenic-alkali residue is a hazardous waste produced by the refining process of crude antimony in antimony smelting, and contains highly toxic sodium arsenate and a large number of residual alkali. In this study, aiming at the problems of the low recoveries and incomplete separation of arsenic and alkali, the secondary pollution of arsenic-alkali mixed …
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The removal of antimony from antimony dust captured during the direct lead smelting process has been studied by Liu et al. They proposed a pyrometallurgical process based on reduction smelting, alkaline refining, and oxidation to extract antimony from antimony dust and produce Sb 2 O 3 with a purity above 99.8 % .
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Electrolysis, or electrolytic refining, is a technique that is already in use for the extraction and purification of metals, and it is a much more cost-effective and efficient technique than traditional heat-based smelting methods. Indeed, it was the discovery of the Hall-Héroult electrolytic process more than a hundred years ago …
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A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition and composition, ferric oxide dosage, smelting temperature and duration on extraction efficiency of antimony were …
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The smelting process of stibnite concentrates is cumbersome, characterized by high energy consumption, significant alkali usage, and a low rate of solid sulfur recovery. A low-sulfur and low-temperature microwave roasting process has been developed for antimony production, utilizing biochar as the reductant and carbide slag as a sulfur-fixing agent. The …
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Antimony is one of the most deleterious impurity elements in copper smelting and has a strong tendency to vaporize in the smelting furnace resulting in an enrichment of antimony in smelter flue dusts. The vaporization and condensation behavior of antimony species was studied in dust-free conditions simulating the off-gas train of a Flash Smelting Furnace at …
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There are two main types of modern antimony production methods—pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy [1,2,3].At present, the former is the main. The vast majority of antimony smelting enterprises have been using the traditional blast furnace volatile–reverberatory furnace reduction process, which is of low environmental protection, …
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This research investigates the application of mathematical models in multiphase flows for antimony smelting process. It highlights the effectiveness of using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model with an explicit iteration numerical calculation format to achieve high accuracy and save computational resources. The study includes a grid sensitivity ...
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The production process of antimony produces a large amount of solid waste, such as waste rock in mining, tailings in the beneficiation, metallurgical slag in the smelting, and so on. At present, most of these solid wastes are currently in storage, and the storage of a large amount of solid wastes is not only harmful to the local ecological environment but also a waste of …
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Stibnite (Sb₂S₃) is the main mineral in antimony sulfide ore, mainly distributed in Hunan. It is the main source of extracting metallic antimony and is widely used in flame retardants, alloy materials, ammunition and other fields. It is lead gray, has a metallic luster, low hardness, and is easy to crush and grind.Antimony sulfide ore is usually associated with other …
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This article investigates the behavior of tin and antimony, both commonly present as trace elements in electrical and electronic waste, in secondary (i.e., sulfur-free) copper smelting conditions. The experiments were conducted in oxygen partial pressure range of 10−10–10−5 atm, covering the different process steps in copper smelting.
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Recognizing the imperative to address global climate change and promote sustainable development within the industry, the conventional antimony smelting process, characterized by high energy consumption and pollution, is confronted with escalating ecological and environmental pressures. This study proposes a two-stage method for the efficient and …
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A large amount of solid waste has been produced by the antimony smelting process in the "World Capital of Antimony", Xikuangshan area in China. This study comprehensively …
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In the blast furnace volatile smelting process, the evaporation rate of antimony is up to 90%, and the rate of loss of metallic antimony in slag only is 1～2%, thereby this method is widely adopted in China's antimony regulus industry.The shortcoming of this method is: (1) owing to adopt the surface cool method in technology, and ANTIMONY ...
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On the other hand, the current antimony smelting process which involves roasting the concentrate in a blast furnace, volatilizing the resulting Sb 2 O 3, and reducing the Sb 2 O 3 with carbon to metallic Sb, always results in serious environmental pollution. In another aspect, reducing smelting temperature come out two main advantages.
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This article investigates the behavior of tin and antimony, both commonly present as trace elements in electrical and electronic waste, in secondary (i.e., sulfur-free) copper smelting conditions.
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Simple, efficient process. Electrolysis is much more efficient than traditional heat-based smelting methods, because it is a single-step continuous process, Sadoway explains. The discovery of that process is what transformed aluminum, more than a century ago, from a precious metal more valuable than silver into a widely used inexpensive commodity.
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The invention discloses the smelting process of antimony concentrate, including: antimony concentrate is dried process, in order to obtain being dried antimony concentrate；Dry antimony concentrate is carried out ball-milling treatment, in order to obtain antimony concentrate powder；Utilize oxidizing semlting stove that antimony concentrate powder is carried out …
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Antimony can be recovered as the form of Sb 2 O 3 or high-purity SbOCl. Antimony can be recovered as the form of cathode antimony or crude cathode. The optimum parameters …
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Antimony comes into the environment through both geogenic and anthropogenic means, such as weathering of rocks containing antimony, antimony mining and smelting activities, combustion of coal and also through the use of various products containing antimony (He et al., 2019). Antimony and the compounds containing antimony had been classified as ...
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The main purpose of this study is to characterize and separate antimony from a stibnite concentrate through a low-temperature sulfur-fixing smelting process. This article reports on a study conducted on the optimization of process parameters, such as flux and zinc oxide weight percentage, in charging, smelting temperature, smelting duration on the antimony yield, …
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The coupling of microwave heating along with the sodium carbonate, solid waste CS, and biochar for antimony smelting renders the process to be clean and energy efficient …
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The smelting process that reduces antimony content in slag is: at first be to go into reverberatory furnace after raw material is measured, prepares burden, stirs to smelt, carry out slag making then, the catalyzer of adding 3～8% in the time of slag making, make catalyzer and other material in antimony regulus produce chemical reaction, promote slag antimony to separate, carry out …
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The industry currently relies on the 'Blast furnace oxidation volatilization—Radiation furnace reduction smelting' process for antimony extraction . However, this method is characterized by high energy consumption and significant pollution due to low-concentration SO 2 emissions [16, 20]. As a result, the development of low-carbon and ...
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In this study, a combined process of acidic oxidation leaching and SO 2 reduction was proposed to purify crude As 2 O 3 recovered from antimony smelting arsenic-alkali residue. The effects of various process factors on crude As 2 O 3 leaching were investigated based on the thermodynamic analysis. The results showed that the leaching efficiency of arsenic was 95.5% …
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Antimony production involves hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, the latter being still dominant. The conventional extraction of antimony from stibnite and jamesonite involves a two-step pyrometallurgical process comprising volatilization roasting and carbothermal smelting (Ouyang et al., 2019; Tian et al., 2016).The sulfide antimony ore is first volatilized and oxidized …
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The Sb smelting process used at this abandoned smelter, on the other hand, would result in the generation of Na 3 SbO 3 and Na 3 AsO 3 in the slags [3, 49]. Nevertheless, based on both citric acid ...
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The laboratory beneficiation process for antimony is a comprehensive and multi-step procedure requiring various specialized equipment. Each stage, crushing, grinding, gravity separation, and flotation, is …
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The four major waste forms generated during antimony smelting process are (i) Water Quenched Slag (WQS) (ii) Desulfurised Slag (DS) (iii) Arsenic Alkali Residue (AAR) and (iv) Blast-Furnace Dust ...
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Antimony is commonly obtained by smelting antimony ores and recovery from certain secondary sources. Two main methods are used to obtain antimony ore: pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. The former is the predominant method. In recent years, many new …
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